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In an electron transport system, energy from electron transfers (Fig. 33A) enables certain carriers to pump hydrogen ions (H+) across a membrane. As the H+ concentration increases on one side of the membrane, an electrochemical gradient is established. As the H+ flow back across the membrane down their electrochemical gradient through an ATP synthase complex, the ion flow provides energy for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate.
Copyright © 1998 Gary E. Kaiser
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