{"id":58,"date":"2018-08-10T14:09:50","date_gmt":"2018-08-10T14:09:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/?page_id=58"},"modified":"2023-01-14T15:41:20","modified_gmt":"2023-01-14T22:41:20","slug":"research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/index.php\/research\/","title":{"rendered":"Research"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_312\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-312\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-312\" src=\"https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/P1010539-e1535115659776-300x233.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"233\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/P1010539-e1535115659776-300x233.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/P1010539-e1535115659776-768x596.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/P1010539-e1535115659776-1024x795.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/P1010539-e1535115659776.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-312\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jon &amp; Hannah, Tokin Lake<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span class=\"style2\">To understand environmental change and its current trajectory requires a long-term perspective of the natural variability in the Earth system. My group studies lake and glacial deposits that provide an archive of long-term climate variability. Our field-oriented projects are mainly in Alaska where past and ongoing climate changes have been pronounced and future changes are anticipated to be greatest.<a id=\"jump1\"><\/a> In the lab, we analyze the physical properties of lake sediments to reconstruct past climate change and we use radiocarbon, amino acids, and tephras to place these records on a timeline.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #666699;\"><strong>Lake Sediments from Alaska<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_315\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-315\" style=\"width: 2107px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-315 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/P1000889.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2107\" height=\"811\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/P1000889.jpg 2107w, https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/P1000889-300x115.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/P1000889-768x296.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/P1000889-1024x394.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-315\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anne &amp; Dave with sediment core from Adak Island<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Sediments that accumulate in lakes contain a wealth of information about past and present environmental changes. My group <a href=\"https:\/\/polarfieldservice.wordpress.com\/?s=kaufman\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">collects sediment cores<\/a> from lakes and analyzes them for a variety of physical and biological properties. <a id=\"jump2\"><\/a>In addition to the analytical equipment in the <a href=\"https:\/\/sed-records-lab.nau.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sedimentary Records of Environmental Change Lab<\/a> at NAU, we collaborate with the <a href=\"https:\/\/cse.umn.edu\/csd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Continental Scientific Drilling Facility<\/a> and other laboratories for various analyses.<\/p>\n<p><code><span class=\"collapseomatic \" id=\"id69d773227bab8\"  tabindex=\"0\" title=\"Read more\"    >Read more<\/span><div id=\"target-id69d773227bab8\" class=\"collapseomatic_content \"><\/code><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_316\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-316\" style=\"width: 150px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-316\" src=\"https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/P6120621-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/P6120621-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/P6120621-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/P6120621.jpg 1704w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-316\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Al &amp; Scott assemble weather station, Long Lake, Copper R basin<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/southalaskalakes.nau.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">In southern Alaska<\/a> we are using <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.quascirev.2021.107215\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">annually bedded sediment<\/a> from glacier-fed lakes and <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.quascirev.2020.106420\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">isotopes<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/qua.2021.75\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">productivity indicators<\/a> from non-glacial lakes to interpret climatic changes,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yqres.2015.11.004\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">glacier fluctuations <\/a>and <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hyp.1437\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">floods<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In <a href=\"https:\/\/arcticlakesproject.nau.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Arctic Alaska<\/a>\u00a0and <a href=\"http:\/\/jan.ucc.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/oldsite\/S_AK\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">elsewhere<\/a> \u00a0we are monitoring the <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/esp.4264\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rivers<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/geoa.12110?journalCode=tgaa20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lakes<\/a>, along with the <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/essd-11-1957-2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">weather<\/a>, to inform our interpretations of <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/qua.2019.43\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sedimentary sequences<\/a> stored by the lakes, including those that relate to <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/qua.2019.43\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Arctic sea ice<\/a> and to <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0959683614565929\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">summer temperature<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>We integrate our studies into <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.arcus.org\/synthesis8k\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">larger international syntheses<\/a> of \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/journal\/10933\/48\/1\/page\/1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lacustrine-based<\/a> paleoenvironmental records internationally.<\/p>\n<p><code><\/code><\/p>\n<p><code><\/div><\/code><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #666699;\"><strong>Quaternary Geochronology<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_319\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-319\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-319\" src=\"https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/P1000891-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/P1000891-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/P1000891-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/P1000891-1024x768.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-319\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Volcanic ash in a sediment core<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Because knowing the ages of sedimentary sequences and their constituents is essential to understanding the timing, rate, and regional extent of past environmental changes, my group has a strong emphasis in geochronology. Specialties include:<a id=\"jump3\"><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Kaufman-1992-AAR-overview-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">amino acid geochronology<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Radiocarbon_dating\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">radiocarbon<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tephrochronology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tephrochronology<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><code><span class=\"collapseomatic \" id=\"id69d773227bbce\"  tabindex=\"0\" title=\"Read more\"    >Read more<\/span><div id=\"target-id69d773227bbce\" class=\"collapseomatic_content \"><\/code><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #666699;\">Amino acid geochronology<\/span><br \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_320\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-320\" style=\"width: 150px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-320\" src=\"https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Bonneville-molluscs-Public-Shooting-Ground-copy-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Bonneville-molluscs-Public-Shooting-Ground-copy-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Bonneville-molluscs-Public-Shooting-Ground-copy-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Bonneville-molluscs-Public-Shooting-Ground-copy-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Bonneville-molluscs-Public-Shooting-Ground-copy.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-320\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Snails, Pleistocene Lake Bonneville<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The technique is used to determine the approximate ages of carbonate-based fossils as old as several million years. Recent applications in the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/nau.edu\/ses\/amino-acid-geochronology-laboratory\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amino Acid Geochronology Laboratory<\/a>\u00a0include <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/gchron-1-53-2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Arctic Ocean sediment cores<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.geoscienceworld.org\/gsa\/geology\/article\/45\/4\/363-366\/195463\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">conservation paleobiology<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/nau.pure.elsevier.com\/en\/publications\/one-fossil-record-multiple-time-resolutions-disparate-timeaveragi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">time-averaging<\/a>\u00a0of the fossil record, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/quaternary-research\/article\/quaternary-marine-terrace-chronology-north-canterbury-new-zealand-using-amino-acid-racemization-and-infraredstimulated-luminescence\/3F1D781E4D7CE5F0FC09F834978ECC0C\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tectonic geomorphology<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1871101416300991\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">methodological<\/a> advancements, among many others.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #666699;\">Radiocarbon<\/span><br \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_706\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-706\" style=\"width: 150px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-706\" src=\"https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Screen-Shot-2023-01-02-at-5.45.14-AM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"93\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Screen-Shot-2023-01-02-at-5.45.14-AM.png 848w, https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Screen-Shot-2023-01-02-at-5.45.14-AM-300x186.png 300w, https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Screen-Shot-2023-01-02-at-5.45.14-AM-768x477.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-706\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">MICADAS 14C analyzer<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>NAU&#8217; s <a href=\"https:\/\/in.nau.edu\/aceisotopelab\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ACE Lab<\/a> is the first university lab \u00a0in the US with a Mini Carbon Dating System (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ionplus.ch\/micadas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MICADAS<\/a>), the latest technology for analyzing radiocarbon. Very small samples<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/gchron-2-63-2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> can be analyzed<\/a> with the gas-ion source. We use radiocarbon extensively to date our lake sediment cores, sometimes in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1871101417301656?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">combination of tephras<\/a>, and to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S187110141630125X?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">calibrate the rate<\/a> of amino acid reactions.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #666699;\"><strong>Tephrochronology<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_321\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-321\" style=\"width: 150px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-321\" src=\"https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Aniakchak-tephra-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"112\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Aniakchak-tephra-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Aniakchak-tephra.jpg 631w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-321\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aniakchak tephra<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>All of the lakes that we study in Alaska contain volcanic ash layers from frequent <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0377027310001083\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">eruptions of Aleutian Arc volcanoes<\/a>\u00a0including as <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/gchron-4-121-2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cryptotephra<\/a>. We collaborate with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ualberta.ca\/science\/about-us\/contact-us\/faculty-directory\/britta-jensen\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tephra specialists<\/a> at University of Alberta and elsewhere to document the <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/jqs.1552\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">regional tephra sequences<\/a>\u00a0and <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jqs.3170\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">their sources<\/a> and have used tephra to validate the accuracy of radiocarbon-based age models, including their error estimates.<\/p>\n<p><code><\/div><\/code><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #666699;\"><strong>Paleoclimate Data Syntheses<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_705\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-705\" style=\"width: 277px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-705 \" src=\"https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Screen-Shot-2023-01-02-at-5.39.37-AM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"277\" height=\"237\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Screen-Shot-2023-01-02-at-5.39.37-AM.png 967w, https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Screen-Shot-2023-01-02-at-5.39.37-AM-300x257.png 300w, https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Screen-Shot-2023-01-02-at-5.39.37-AM-768x658.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 277px) 100vw, 277px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-705\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Temp12k global temperature reconstruction<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The paleoclimate group at NAU is leading collaborative projects to assemble\u00a0large, reusable datasets of proxy climate records to study past global climate changes. These data products<span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u00a0have been used to <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/cp-18-911-2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">place recent changes in a long-term context<\/a>, reconstruct the <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-019-1060-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">latitudinal temperature gradient<\/a> of the Northern Hemisphere, determine the onset of <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2018GL079773\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Neoglacial cooling<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/cp-16-1847-2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">evaluate climate model performance<\/a>, and to quanitfy<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41561-019-0400-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0natural climate variability<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span>Crafting the large datasets for\u00a0these projects requires a major effort in <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.nature.com\/soapboxscience\/2017\/07\/11\/bookkeeping-or-science-whats-behind-a-paleo-data-compilation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">science coordination<\/a> and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.clim-past.net\/14\/593\/2018\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">data stewardship<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><code><span class=\"collapseomatic \" id=\"id69d773227bcb8\"  tabindex=\"0\" title=\"Read more\"    >Read more<\/span><div id=\"target-id69d773227bcb8\" class=\"collapseomatic_content \"><\/code><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For the Holocene, the <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41597-020-0445-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Temp12k dataset<\/a> was used to reconstruct <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41597-020-0530-7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">global temperature<\/a>, as featured in the IPCC\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar6\/wg1\/chapter\/technical-summary\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sixth Assessment Report<\/a>. \u00a0For the past 2000 years, we collaborated with colleagues internationally through the Past Global Changes (<a href=\"https:\/\/pastglobalchanges.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PAGES<\/a>) program to generate global multi-proxy data sets of paleo<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/sdata201788\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">temperature<\/a>, and to reconstruct\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ngeo1797\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">temperatures for each continent<\/a>, and the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/325\/5945\/1236\">Arctic<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both temperature and hydroclimate data have been compiled for the <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/cp-10-1605-2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Arctic<\/a> and for <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/essd-13-1613-2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">western North America<\/a>. These were used to reconstruct climate changes in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S027737911530144X?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alaska and Yukon<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0277379116300427?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Canada and Greenland<\/a>, and the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0277379116302050?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">North Atlantic and Scandinavia <\/a>during the Holocene, as well as\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.clim-past.net\/14\/665\/2018\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hydroclimate of North America<\/a> over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n<p>In Utah, we collaborated with the US Geological Survey in a broad-ranging investigation of the <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.geoscienceworld.org\/gsa\/books\/book\/608\/Paleoenvironments-of-Bear-Lake-Utah-and-Idaho-and\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">paleoenvironments of Bear Lake<\/a> and its catchment.<\/p>\n<p><code><\/div><\/code><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>To understand environmental change and its current trajectory requires a long-term perspective of the natural variability in the Earth system. My group studies lake and glacial deposits that provide an archive of long-term climate variability. Our field-oriented projects are mainly in Alaska where past and ongoing climate changes have been pronounced and future changes are &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/index.php\/research\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Research&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":469,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-58","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/58","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=58"}],"version-history":[{"count":118,"href":"https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/58\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":717,"href":"https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/58\/revisions\/717"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/469"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www2.nau.edu\/~dsk5\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=58"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}