Trends




BIO372 : Cancer : Environment and Cancer : Trends

Exercise: Trends

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The incidence for many cancers has been changing. A few have been increasing, but many have shown declines.

1. What is epidemiology and how is it used to find the causes of disease?

2. Sometimes a disease cluster can pinpoint a carcinogen. What is a cancer cluster? What conditions have to be satisfied before concluding that a cancer cluster exists?

3. Over the past 65 years, which cancers have shown the greatest increase and the greatest decrease for males and females in the US population?

4. Using the table showing 20-Year Trends in Cancer Death Rates per 100,000 Population from 1972-1974 to 1992-1994, do you think that there has been a net improvement in the fight against cancer? Explain.

5. The table, Five Year Relative Survival Rates by Stage at Diagnosis, indicates the chance of further life if the cancer is diagnosed at an early stage of development. Which cancer shows the greatest change in the chance of survival between a diagnosis when the cancer is localized and when it is distant (has metastasized)? Which cancer shows the smallest change?

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E-mail Professor Gaud at William.Gaud@nau.edu
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